HTML5 Large Canvas Scrolling Demo

Imagine we have this scenario. There are a very large stage 3000x3000 with many nodes inside.
User wants to take a look into all nodes, but they are not visible at once.

How to display and scroll a very big html5 canvas?

Lets think you have a very large canvas and you want to add ability to navigate on it.

I will show your 4 different approaches to achieve that:

1. Just make large stage

This is the simplest approach. But it is very slow, because large canvases are slow.
User will be able to scroll with native scrollbars.

Pros:

Simple implementation

Cons:

Slow

Show source code!

Canvas Scrolling Largeview raw

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/konva@4.0.18/konva.min.js"></script>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Konva Canvas Scrolling Demo</title>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        background-color: #f0f0f0;
        height: 100%;
        overflow: auto;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
      var WIDTH = 3000;
      var HEIGHT = 3000;
      var NUMBER = 200;

      var stage = new Konva.Stage({
        container: 'container',
        width: WIDTH,
        height: HEIGHT
      });

      var layer = new Konva.Layer();
      stage.add(layer);

      function generateNode() {
        return new Konva.Circle({
          x: WIDTH * Math.random(),
          y: HEIGHT * Math.random(),
          radius: 50,
          fill: 'red',
          stroke: 'black'
        });
      }

      for (var i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
        layer.add(generateNode());
      }
      layer.draw();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

2. Make stage draggable (navigate with drag&drop)

That one is better because stage is much smaller.

Pros:

Simple implementation
Fast

Cons

Sometimes drag&drop navigation is not the best UX

Show source code!

Canvas Scrolling Dragview raw

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/konva@4.0.18/konva.min.js"></script>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Konva Canvas Scrolling Drag Demo</title>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        background-color: #f0f0f0;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
      var width = window.innerWidth;
      var height = window.innerHeight;

      var stage = new Konva.Stage({
        container: 'container',
        width: width,
        height: height,
        draggable: true
      });

      var layer = new Konva.Layer();
      stage.add(layer);

      var WIDTH = 3000;
      var HEIGHT = 3000;
      var NUMBER = 200;

      function generateNode() {
        return new Konva.Circle({
          x: WIDTH * Math.random(),
          y: HEIGHT * Math.random(),
          radius: 50,
          fill: 'red',
          stroke: 'black'
        });
      }

      for (var i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
        layer.add(generateNode());
      }
      layer.draw();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

3. Emulate scrollbars.

You will have to draw them manually and implement all moving functionality.
That is quite a lot of work. But works good for many apps.

Instruction: try to scroll with bars.

Pros:

Works ok
Intuitive scroll
Fast

Cons

Scrollbars are not native, so you have to implement many things manually (like scroll with keyboard)

Show source code!

Canvas Scrolling Barsview raw

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/konva@4.0.18/konva.min.js"></script>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Konva Canvas Scrolling Drag Demo</title>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        background-color: #f0f0f0;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
      var width = window.innerWidth;
      var height = window.innerHeight;

      var stage = new Konva.Stage({
        container: 'container',
        width: width,
        height: height
      });

      var layer = new Konva.Layer();
      stage.add(layer);

      var WIDTH = 3000;
      var HEIGHT = 3000;
      var NUMBER = 200;

      function generateNode() {
        return new Konva.Circle({
          x: WIDTH * Math.random(),
          y: HEIGHT * Math.random(),
          radius: 50,
          fill: 'red',
          stroke: 'black'
        });
      }

      for (var i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
        layer.add(generateNode());
      }
      layer.draw();

      // now draw our bars
      var scrollLayers = new Konva.Layer();
      stage.add(scrollLayers);

      const PADDING = 5;

      var verticalBar = new Konva.Rect({
        width: 10,
        height: 100,
        fill: 'grey',
        opacity: 0.8,
        x: stage.width() - PADDING - 10,
        y: PADDING,
        draggable: true,
        dragBoundFunc: function(pos) {
          pos.x = stage.width() - PADDING - 10;
          pos.y = Math.max(
            Math.min(pos.y, stage.height() - this.height() - PADDING),
            PADDING
          );
          return pos;
        }
      });
      scrollLayers.add(verticalBar);
      scrollLayers.draw();

      verticalBar.on('dragmove', function() {
        // delta in %
        const availableHeight =
          stage.height() - PADDING * 2 - verticalBar.height();
        var delta = (verticalBar.y() - PADDING) / availableHeight;

        layer.y(-stage.height() * delta);
        layer.batchDraw();
      });

      var horizontalBar = new Konva.Rect({
        width: 100,
        height: 10,
        fill: 'grey',
        opacity: 0.8,
        x: PADDING,
        y: stage.height() - PADDING - 10,
        draggable: true,
        dragBoundFunc: function(pos) {
          pos.x = Math.max(
            Math.min(pos.x, stage.width() - this.width() - PADDING),
            PADDING
          );
          pos.y = stage.height() - PADDING - 10;

          return pos;
        }
      });
      scrollLayers.add(horizontalBar);
      scrollLayers.draw();

      horizontalBar.on('dragmove', function() {
        // delta in %
        const availableWidth =
          stage.width() - PADDING * 2 - horizontalBar.width();
        var delta = (horizontalBar.x() - PADDING) / availableWidth;

        layer.x(-stage.width() * delta);
        layer.batchDraw();
      });
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

4. Emulate screen moving with transform.

That demo works really good, but it may be tricky.
The idea is:

We will use small canvas with the size of the screen
We will create container with required size (3000x3000), so native scrollbars will be visible
When user is trying to scroll, we will apply css transform for the stage container so it will be still in the center of user’s screen
We will move all nodes so it looks like you scroll (by changing stage position)

Props:

Works perfect and fast
Native scrolling

Cons:

You have to understand what is going on.

Instruction: try to scroll with native bars.

Show source code!

Canvas Scrolling Transformview raw

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/konva@4.0.18/konva.min.js"></script>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>Konva Canvas Scrolling Demo</title>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        background-color: #f0f0f0;
        height: 100%;
        overflow: auto;
      }

      #large-container {
        width: 3000px;
        height: 3000px;
        overflow: hidden;
      }

      #scroll-container {
        width: calc(100% - 22px);
        height: calc(100vh - 22px);
        overflow: auto;
        margin: 10px;
        border: 1px solid grey;
      }
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="scroll-container">
      <div id="large-container">
        <div id="container"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <script>
      var WIDTH = 3000;
      var HEIGHT = 3000;
      var NUMBER = 200;

      // padding will increase the size of stage
      // so scrolling will look smoother
      var PADDING = 500;

      var stage = new Konva.Stage({
        container: 'container',
        width: window.innerWidth + PADDING * 2,
        height: window.innerHeight + PADDING * 2
      });

      var layer = new Konva.Layer();
      stage.add(layer);

      function generateNode() {
        return new Konva.Circle({
          x: WIDTH * Math.random(),
          y: HEIGHT * Math.random(),
          radius: 50,
          fill: 'red',
          stroke: 'black'
        });
      }

      for (var i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
        layer.add(generateNode());
      }
      layer.draw();

      var scrollContainer = document.getElementById('scroll-container');
      function repositionStage() {
        var dx = scrollContainer.scrollLeft - PADDING;
        var dy = scrollContainer.scrollTop - PADDING;
        stage.container().style.transform =
          'translate(' + dx + 'px, ' + dy + 'px)';
        stage.x(-dx);
        stage.y(-dy);
        stage.batchDraw();
      }
      scrollContainer.addEventListener('scroll', repositionStage);
      repositionStage();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>